caddy/logging.go

788 lines
24 KiB
Go

// Copyright 2015 Matthew Holt and The Caddy Authors
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
package caddy
import (
"encoding/json"
"fmt"
"io"
"log"
"os"
"strings"
"sync"
"time"
"go.uber.org/zap"
"go.uber.org/zap/zapcore"
"golang.org/x/term"
)
func init() {
RegisterModule(StdoutWriter{})
RegisterModule(StderrWriter{})
RegisterModule(DiscardWriter{})
}
// Logging facilitates logging within Caddy. The default log is
// called "default" and you can customize it. You can also define
// additional logs.
//
// By default, all logs at INFO level and higher are written to
// standard error ("stderr" writer) in a human-readable format
// ("console" encoder if stdout is an interactive terminal, "json"
// encoder otherwise).
//
// All defined logs accept all log entries by default, but you
// can filter by level and module/logger names. A logger's name
// is the same as the module's name, but a module may append to
// logger names for more specificity. For example, you can
// filter logs emitted only by HTTP handlers using the name
// "http.handlers", because all HTTP handler module names have
// that prefix.
//
// Caddy logs (except the sink) are zero-allocation, so they are
// very high-performing in terms of memory and CPU time. Enabling
// sampling can further increase throughput on extremely high-load
// servers.
type Logging struct {
// Sink is the destination for all unstructured logs emitted
// from Go's standard library logger. These logs are common
// in dependencies that are not designed specifically for use
// in Caddy. Because it is global and unstructured, the sink
// lacks most advanced features and customizations.
Sink *SinkLog `json:"sink,omitempty"`
// Logs are your logs, keyed by an arbitrary name of your
// choosing. The default log can be customized by defining
// a log called "default". You can further define other logs
// and filter what kinds of entries they accept.
Logs map[string]*CustomLog `json:"logs,omitempty"`
// a list of all keys for open writers; all writers
// that are opened to provision this logging config
// must have their keys added to this list so they
// can be closed when cleaning up
writerKeys []string
}
// openLogs sets up the config and opens all the configured writers.
// It closes its logs when ctx is canceled, so it should clean up
// after itself.
func (logging *Logging) openLogs(ctx Context) error {
// make sure to deallocate resources when context is done
ctx.OnCancel(func() {
err := logging.closeLogs()
if err != nil {
Log().Error("closing logs", zap.Error(err))
}
})
// set up the "sink" log first (std lib's default global logger)
if logging.Sink != nil {
err := logging.Sink.provision(ctx, logging)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("setting up sink log: %v", err)
}
}
// as a special case, set up the default structured Caddy log next
if err := logging.setupNewDefault(ctx); err != nil {
return err
}
// then set up any other custom logs
for name, l := range logging.Logs {
// the default log is already set up
if name == DefaultLoggerName {
continue
}
err := l.provision(ctx, logging)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("setting up custom log '%s': %v", name, err)
}
// Any other logs that use the discard writer can be deleted
// entirely. This avoids encoding and processing of each
// log entry that would just be thrown away anyway. Notably,
// we do not reach this point for the default log, which MUST
// exist, otherwise core log emissions would panic because
// they use the Log() function directly which expects a non-nil
// logger. Even if we keep logs with a discard writer, they
// have a nop core, and keeping them at all seems unnecessary.
if _, ok := l.writerOpener.(*DiscardWriter); ok {
delete(logging.Logs, name)
continue
}
}
return nil
}
func (logging *Logging) setupNewDefault(ctx Context) error {
if logging.Logs == nil {
logging.Logs = make(map[string]*CustomLog)
}
// extract the user-defined default log, if any
newDefault := new(defaultCustomLog)
if userDefault, ok := logging.Logs[DefaultLoggerName]; ok {
newDefault.CustomLog = userDefault
} else {
// if none, make one with our own default settings
var err error
newDefault, err = newDefaultProductionLog()
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("setting up default Caddy log: %v", err)
}
logging.Logs[DefaultLoggerName] = newDefault.CustomLog
}
// options for the default logger
options, err := newDefault.CustomLog.buildOptions()
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("setting up default log: %v", err)
}
// set up this new log
err = newDefault.CustomLog.provision(ctx, logging)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("setting up default log: %v", err)
}
newDefault.logger = zap.New(newDefault.CustomLog.core, options...)
// redirect the default caddy logs
defaultLoggerMu.Lock()
oldDefault := defaultLogger
defaultLogger = newDefault
defaultLoggerMu.Unlock()
// if the new writer is different, indicate it in the logs for convenience
var newDefaultLogWriterKey, currentDefaultLogWriterKey string
var newDefaultLogWriterStr, currentDefaultLogWriterStr string
if newDefault.writerOpener != nil {
newDefaultLogWriterKey = newDefault.writerOpener.WriterKey()
newDefaultLogWriterStr = newDefault.writerOpener.String()
}
if oldDefault.writerOpener != nil {
currentDefaultLogWriterKey = oldDefault.writerOpener.WriterKey()
currentDefaultLogWriterStr = oldDefault.writerOpener.String()
}
if newDefaultLogWriterKey != currentDefaultLogWriterKey {
oldDefault.logger.Info("redirected default logger",
zap.String("from", currentDefaultLogWriterStr),
zap.String("to", newDefaultLogWriterStr),
)
}
return nil
}
// closeLogs cleans up resources allocated during openLogs.
// A successful call to openLogs calls this automatically
// when the context is canceled.
func (logging *Logging) closeLogs() error {
for _, key := range logging.writerKeys {
_, err := writers.Delete(key)
if err != nil {
log.Printf("[ERROR] Closing log writer %v: %v", key, err)
}
}
return nil
}
// Logger returns a logger that is ready for the module to use.
func (logging *Logging) Logger(mod Module) *zap.Logger {
modID := string(mod.CaddyModule().ID)
var cores []zapcore.Core
var options []zap.Option
if logging != nil {
for _, l := range logging.Logs {
if l.matchesModule(modID) {
if len(l.Include) == 0 && len(l.Exclude) == 0 {
cores = append(cores, l.core)
continue
}
if len(options) == 0 {
newOptions, err := l.buildOptions()
if err != nil {
Log().Error("building options for logger", zap.String("module", modID), zap.Error(err))
}
options = newOptions
}
cores = append(cores, &filteringCore{Core: l.core, cl: l})
}
}
}
multiCore := zapcore.NewTee(cores...)
return zap.New(multiCore, options...).Named(modID)
}
// openWriter opens a writer using opener, and returns true if
// the writer is new, or false if the writer already exists.
func (logging *Logging) openWriter(opener WriterOpener) (io.WriteCloser, bool, error) {
key := opener.WriterKey()
writer, loaded, err := writers.LoadOrNew(key, func() (Destructor, error) {
w, err := opener.OpenWriter()
return writerDestructor{w}, err
})
if err != nil {
return nil, false, err
}
logging.writerKeys = append(logging.writerKeys, key)
return writer.(io.WriteCloser), !loaded, nil
}
// WriterOpener is a module that can open a log writer.
// It can return a human-readable string representation
// of itself so that operators can understand where
// the logs are going.
type WriterOpener interface {
fmt.Stringer
// WriterKey is a string that uniquely identifies this
// writer configuration. It is not shown to humans.
WriterKey() string
// OpenWriter opens a log for writing. The writer
// should be safe for concurrent use but need not
// be synchronous.
OpenWriter() (io.WriteCloser, error)
}
// IsWriterStandardStream returns true if the input is a
// writer-opener to a standard stream (stdout, stderr).
func IsWriterStandardStream(wo WriterOpener) bool {
switch wo.(type) {
case StdoutWriter, StderrWriter,
*StdoutWriter, *StderrWriter:
return true
}
return false
}
type writerDestructor struct {
io.WriteCloser
}
func (wdest writerDestructor) Destruct() error {
return wdest.Close()
}
// BaseLog contains the common logging parameters for logging.
type BaseLog struct {
// The module that writes out log entries for the sink.
WriterRaw json.RawMessage `json:"writer,omitempty" caddy:"namespace=caddy.logging.writers inline_key=output"`
// The encoder is how the log entries are formatted or encoded.
EncoderRaw json.RawMessage `json:"encoder,omitempty" caddy:"namespace=caddy.logging.encoders inline_key=format"`
// Level is the minimum level to emit, and is inclusive.
// Possible levels: DEBUG, INFO, WARN, ERROR, PANIC, and FATAL
Level string `json:"level,omitempty"`
// Sampling configures log entry sampling. If enabled,
// only some log entries will be emitted. This is useful
// for improving performance on extremely high-pressure
// servers.
Sampling *LogSampling `json:"sampling,omitempty"`
// If true, the log entry will include the caller's
// file name and line number. Default off.
WithCaller bool `json:"with_caller,omitempty"`
// If non-zero, and `with_caller` is true, this many
// stack frames will be skipped when determining the
// caller. Default 0.
WithCallerSkip int `json:"with_caller_skip,omitempty"`
// If not empty, the log entry will include a stack trace
// for all logs at the given level or higher. See `level`
// for possible values. Default off.
WithStacktrace string `json:"with_stacktrace,omitempty"`
writerOpener WriterOpener
writer io.WriteCloser
encoder zapcore.Encoder
levelEnabler zapcore.LevelEnabler
core zapcore.Core
}
func (cl *BaseLog) provisionCommon(ctx Context, logging *Logging) error {
if cl.WriterRaw != nil {
mod, err := ctx.LoadModule(cl, "WriterRaw")
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("loading log writer module: %v", err)
}
cl.writerOpener = mod.(WriterOpener)
}
if cl.writerOpener == nil {
cl.writerOpener = StderrWriter{}
}
var err error
cl.writer, _, err = logging.openWriter(cl.writerOpener)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("opening log writer using %#v: %v", cl.writerOpener, err)
}
// set up the log level
cl.levelEnabler, err = parseLevel(cl.Level)
if err != nil {
return err
}
if cl.EncoderRaw != nil {
mod, err := ctx.LoadModule(cl, "EncoderRaw")
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("loading log encoder module: %v", err)
}
cl.encoder = mod.(zapcore.Encoder)
// if the encoder module needs the writer to determine
// the correct default to use for a nested encoder, we
// pass it down as a secondary provisioning step
if cfd, ok := mod.(ConfiguresFormatterDefault); ok {
if err := cfd.ConfigureDefaultFormat(cl.writerOpener); err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("configuring default format for encoder module: %v", err)
}
}
}
if cl.encoder == nil {
cl.encoder = newDefaultProductionLogEncoder(cl.writerOpener)
}
cl.buildCore()
return nil
}
func (cl *BaseLog) buildCore() {
// logs which only discard their output don't need
// to perform encoding or any other processing steps
// at all, so just shorcut to a nop core instead
if _, ok := cl.writerOpener.(*DiscardWriter); ok {
cl.core = zapcore.NewNopCore()
return
}
c := zapcore.NewCore(
cl.encoder,
zapcore.AddSync(cl.writer),
cl.levelEnabler,
)
if cl.Sampling != nil {
if cl.Sampling.Interval == 0 {
cl.Sampling.Interval = 1 * time.Second
}
if cl.Sampling.First == 0 {
cl.Sampling.First = 100
}
if cl.Sampling.Thereafter == 0 {
cl.Sampling.Thereafter = 100
}
c = zapcore.NewSamplerWithOptions(c, cl.Sampling.Interval,
cl.Sampling.First, cl.Sampling.Thereafter)
}
cl.core = c
}
func (cl *BaseLog) buildOptions() ([]zap.Option, error) {
var options []zap.Option
if cl.WithCaller {
options = append(options, zap.AddCaller())
if cl.WithCallerSkip != 0 {
options = append(options, zap.AddCallerSkip(cl.WithCallerSkip))
}
}
if cl.WithStacktrace != "" {
levelEnabler, err := parseLevel(cl.WithStacktrace)
if err != nil {
return options, fmt.Errorf("setting up default Caddy log: %v", err)
}
options = append(options, zap.AddStacktrace(levelEnabler))
}
return options, nil
}
// SinkLog configures the default Go standard library
// global logger in the log package. This is necessary because
// module dependencies which are not built specifically for
// Caddy will use the standard logger. This is also known as
// the "sink" logger.
type SinkLog struct {
BaseLog
}
func (sll *SinkLog) provision(ctx Context, logging *Logging) error {
if err := sll.provisionCommon(ctx, logging); err != nil {
return err
}
options, err := sll.buildOptions()
if err != nil {
return err
}
logger := zap.New(sll.core, options...)
ctx.cleanupFuncs = append(ctx.cleanupFuncs, zap.RedirectStdLog(logger))
return nil
}
// CustomLog represents a custom logger configuration.
//
// By default, a log will emit all log entries. Some entries
// will be skipped if sampling is enabled. Further, the Include
// and Exclude parameters define which loggers (by name) are
// allowed or rejected from emitting in this log. If both Include
// and Exclude are populated, their values must be mutually
// exclusive, and longer namespaces have priority. If neither
// are populated, all logs are emitted.
type CustomLog struct {
BaseLog
// Include defines the names of loggers to emit in this
// log. For example, to include only logs emitted by the
// admin API, you would include "admin.api".
Include []string `json:"include,omitempty"`
// Exclude defines the names of loggers that should be
// skipped by this log. For example, to exclude only
// HTTP access logs, you would exclude "http.log.access".
Exclude []string `json:"exclude,omitempty"`
}
func (cl *CustomLog) provision(ctx Context, logging *Logging) error {
if err := cl.provisionCommon(ctx, logging); err != nil {
return err
}
// If both Include and Exclude lists are populated, then each item must
// be a superspace or subspace of an item in the other list, because
// populating both lists means that any given item is either a rule
// or an exception to another rule. But if the item is not a super-
// or sub-space of any item in the other list, it is neither a rule
// nor an exception, and is a contradiction. Ensure, too, that the
// sets do not intersect, which is also a contradiction.
if len(cl.Include) > 0 && len(cl.Exclude) > 0 {
// prevent intersections
for _, allow := range cl.Include {
for _, deny := range cl.Exclude {
if allow == deny {
return fmt.Errorf("include and exclude must not intersect, but found %s in both lists", allow)
}
}
}
// ensure namespaces are nested
outer:
for _, allow := range cl.Include {
for _, deny := range cl.Exclude {
if strings.HasPrefix(allow+".", deny+".") ||
strings.HasPrefix(deny+".", allow+".") {
continue outer
}
}
return fmt.Errorf("when both include and exclude are populated, each element must be a superspace or subspace of one in the other list; check '%s' in include", allow)
}
}
return nil
}
func (cl *CustomLog) matchesModule(moduleID string) bool {
return cl.loggerAllowed(moduleID, true)
}
// loggerAllowed returns true if name is allowed to emit
// to cl. isModule should be true if name is the name of
// a module and you want to see if ANY of that module's
// logs would be permitted.
func (cl *CustomLog) loggerAllowed(name string, isModule bool) bool {
// accept all loggers by default
if len(cl.Include) == 0 && len(cl.Exclude) == 0 {
return true
}
// append a dot so that partial names don't match
// (i.e. we don't want "foo.b" to match "foo.bar"); we
// will also have to append a dot when we do HasPrefix
// below to compensate for when namespaces are equal
if name != "" && name != "*" && name != "." {
name += "."
}
var longestAccept, longestReject int
if len(cl.Include) > 0 {
for _, namespace := range cl.Include {
var hasPrefix bool
if isModule {
hasPrefix = strings.HasPrefix(namespace+".", name)
} else {
hasPrefix = strings.HasPrefix(name, namespace+".")
}
if hasPrefix && len(namespace) > longestAccept {
longestAccept = len(namespace)
}
}
// the include list was populated, meaning that
// a match in this list is absolutely required
// if we are to accept the entry
if longestAccept == 0 {
return false
}
}
if len(cl.Exclude) > 0 {
for _, namespace := range cl.Exclude {
// * == all logs emitted by modules
// . == all logs emitted by core
if (namespace == "*" && name != ".") ||
(namespace == "." && name == ".") {
return false
}
if strings.HasPrefix(name, namespace+".") &&
len(namespace) > longestReject {
longestReject = len(namespace)
}
}
// the reject list is populated, so we have to
// reject this entry if its match is better
// than the best from the accept list
if longestReject > longestAccept {
return false
}
}
return (longestAccept > longestReject) ||
(len(cl.Include) == 0 && longestReject == 0)
}
// filteringCore filters log entries based on logger name,
// according to the rules of a CustomLog.
type filteringCore struct {
zapcore.Core
cl *CustomLog
}
// With properly wraps With.
func (fc *filteringCore) With(fields []zapcore.Field) zapcore.Core {
return &filteringCore{
Core: fc.Core.With(fields),
cl: fc.cl,
}
}
// Check only allows the log entry if its logger name
// is allowed from the include/exclude rules of fc.cl.
func (fc *filteringCore) Check(e zapcore.Entry, ce *zapcore.CheckedEntry) *zapcore.CheckedEntry {
if fc.cl.loggerAllowed(e.LoggerName, false) {
return fc.Core.Check(e, ce)
}
return ce
}
// LogSampling configures log entry sampling.
type LogSampling struct {
// The window over which to conduct sampling.
Interval time.Duration `json:"interval,omitempty"`
// Log this many entries within a given level and
// message for each interval.
First int `json:"first,omitempty"`
// If more entries with the same level and message
// are seen during the same interval, keep one in
// this many entries until the end of the interval.
Thereafter int `json:"thereafter,omitempty"`
}
type (
// StdoutWriter writes logs to standard out.
StdoutWriter struct{}
// StderrWriter writes logs to standard error.
StderrWriter struct{}
// DiscardWriter discards all writes.
DiscardWriter struct{}
)
// CaddyModule returns the Caddy module information.
func (StdoutWriter) CaddyModule() ModuleInfo {
return ModuleInfo{
ID: "caddy.logging.writers.stdout",
New: func() Module { return new(StdoutWriter) },
}
}
// CaddyModule returns the Caddy module information.
func (StderrWriter) CaddyModule() ModuleInfo {
return ModuleInfo{
ID: "caddy.logging.writers.stderr",
New: func() Module { return new(StderrWriter) },
}
}
// CaddyModule returns the Caddy module information.
func (DiscardWriter) CaddyModule() ModuleInfo {
return ModuleInfo{
ID: "caddy.logging.writers.discard",
New: func() Module { return new(DiscardWriter) },
}
}
func (StdoutWriter) String() string { return "stdout" }
func (StderrWriter) String() string { return "stderr" }
func (DiscardWriter) String() string { return "discard" }
// WriterKey returns a unique key representing stdout.
func (StdoutWriter) WriterKey() string { return "std:out" }
// WriterKey returns a unique key representing stderr.
func (StderrWriter) WriterKey() string { return "std:err" }
// WriterKey returns a unique key representing discard.
func (DiscardWriter) WriterKey() string { return "discard" }
// OpenWriter returns os.Stdout that can't be closed.
func (StdoutWriter) OpenWriter() (io.WriteCloser, error) {
return notClosable{os.Stdout}, nil
}
// OpenWriter returns os.Stderr that can't be closed.
func (StderrWriter) OpenWriter() (io.WriteCloser, error) {
return notClosable{os.Stderr}, nil
}
// OpenWriter returns io.Discard that can't be closed.
func (DiscardWriter) OpenWriter() (io.WriteCloser, error) {
return notClosable{io.Discard}, nil
}
// notClosable is an io.WriteCloser that can't be closed.
type notClosable struct{ io.Writer }
func (fc notClosable) Close() error { return nil }
type defaultCustomLog struct {
*CustomLog
logger *zap.Logger
}
// newDefaultProductionLog configures a custom log that is
// intended for use by default if no other log is specified
// in a config. It writes to stderr, uses the console encoder,
// and enables INFO-level logs and higher.
func newDefaultProductionLog() (*defaultCustomLog, error) {
cl := new(CustomLog)
cl.writerOpener = StderrWriter{}
var err error
cl.writer, err = cl.writerOpener.OpenWriter()
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
cl.encoder = newDefaultProductionLogEncoder(cl.writerOpener)
cl.levelEnabler = zapcore.InfoLevel
cl.buildCore()
logger := zap.New(cl.core)
// capture logs from other libraries which
// may not be using zap logging directly
_ = zap.RedirectStdLog(logger)
return &defaultCustomLog{
CustomLog: cl,
logger: logger,
}, nil
}
func newDefaultProductionLogEncoder(wo WriterOpener) zapcore.Encoder {
encCfg := zap.NewProductionEncoderConfig()
if IsWriterStandardStream(wo) && term.IsTerminal(int(os.Stderr.Fd())) {
// if interactive terminal, make output more human-readable by default
encCfg.EncodeTime = func(ts time.Time, encoder zapcore.PrimitiveArrayEncoder) {
encoder.AppendString(ts.UTC().Format("2006/01/02 15:04:05.000"))
}
if coloringEnabled {
encCfg.EncodeLevel = zapcore.CapitalColorLevelEncoder
}
return zapcore.NewConsoleEncoder(encCfg)
}
return zapcore.NewJSONEncoder(encCfg)
}
func parseLevel(levelInput string) (zapcore.LevelEnabler, error) {
repl := NewReplacer()
level, err := repl.ReplaceOrErr(levelInput, true, true)
if err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid log level: %v", err)
}
level = strings.ToLower(level)
// set up the log level
switch level {
case "debug":
return zapcore.DebugLevel, nil
case "", "info":
return zapcore.InfoLevel, nil
case "warn":
return zapcore.WarnLevel, nil
case "error":
return zapcore.ErrorLevel, nil
case "panic":
return zapcore.PanicLevel, nil
case "fatal":
return zapcore.FatalLevel, nil
default:
return nil, fmt.Errorf("unrecognized log level: %s", level)
}
}
// Log returns the current default logger.
func Log() *zap.Logger {
defaultLoggerMu.RLock()
defer defaultLoggerMu.RUnlock()
return defaultLogger.logger
}
var (
coloringEnabled = os.Getenv("NO_COLOR") == "" && os.Getenv("TERM") != "xterm-mono"
defaultLogger, _ = newDefaultProductionLog()
defaultLoggerMu sync.RWMutex
)
var writers = NewUsagePool()
// ConfiguresFormatterDefault is an optional interface that
// encoder modules can implement to configure the default
// format of their encoder. This is useful for encoders
// which nest an encoder, that needs to know the writer
// in order to determine the correct default.
type ConfiguresFormatterDefault interface {
ConfigureDefaultFormat(WriterOpener) error
}
const DefaultLoggerName = "default"
// Interface guards
var (
_ io.WriteCloser = (*notClosable)(nil)
_ WriterOpener = (*StdoutWriter)(nil)
_ WriterOpener = (*StderrWriter)(nil)
)