renovate/lib/modules/versioning/composer/readme.md

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Composer uses Semver-like versioning, but some package authors may use versions that are not completely valid, e.g. `1.2` instead of `1.2.0`.
Composer supports ranges in a similar manner to npm, but not identical. The main difference is with tilde ranges.
Tilde ranges with "short" versions are different to npm. e.g.
`~4` is equivalent to `^4` in npm
`~4.1` is equivalent to `^4.1` in npm
`~0.4` is equivalent to `>=0.4 <1` in npm
Composer supports patches in the version numbers, which are considered stable. E.g., `1.2.3-p1` is recognized by npm as unstable, Renovate
implements additional logic to support correct sorting and stability checks on composer patch versions syntax.